Acetoacet-o-Toluidide AAOT · o-Acetoacetanilide · CAS 93-68-5
The coupling component behind diarylide yellow — the pigment class that colors printing inks, plastics and coatings across US industry. Sold as AAOT, and in some catalogs as o-acetoacetanilide.
Chelora Chemicals is an acetoacet-o-toluidide supplier and sourcing partner serving pigment manufacturers and dye houses across the United States, with a batch COA and SDS on every consignment.
- CAS Number
- 93-68-5
- EC Number
- 202-266-5
- Molecular formula
- C₁₁H₁₃NO₂
- Molecular weight
- 191.23 g/mol
- Assay
- 99.0% min
- Melting point
- 105–107 °C
- Appearance
- White to off-white crystalline powder
- Transport
- Not DG regulated
- HS Code
- 2924 29
Note: two names, one material. CAS 93-68-5 is correctly named acetoacet-o-toluidide, or AAOT, and is also listed in some catalogs as o-acetoacetanilide. Both refer to the same compound — the acetoacetamide of o-toluidine. Note that plain acetoacetanilide, the unmethylated parent, is a different material at CAS 102-01-2. Confirm the CAS, not the name.
From toluidine to diarylide yellow
AAOT is the coupling half of the diarylide yellow reaction — the diazo half comes from 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine.
Why it matters: AAOT and 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine are the two halves of the same pigment, so a plant that buys one almost always buys the other — and both come from this desk
What acetoacet-o-toluidide is used for
Acetoacet-o-toluidide is a white to off-white crystalline powder made by acetoacetylating o-toluidine. It is not a colorant itself. It is the coupling component — the half of an azo pigment that accepts the diazonium group and closes the chromophore.
Its commercial home is yellow azo pigments. Coupled with 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine it builds the diarylide yellows — Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 17 and 83 — which between them account for most of the yellow in US process printing inks, plastics masterbatch and industrial coatings. Coupled with simpler diazo components it builds monoazo yellows.
What the specification controls
- Assay, 99% minimum. The headline figure, and the one that sets your coupling stoichiometry.
- Melting point, 105–107 °C. The practical purity check — a depressed or broad range signals residual toluidine or diacetylated by-product.
- Residual o-toluidine. The impurity your QA and EHS teams will ask about first, and the one we specify up front.
- The coupling partner from the same desk: 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride.
Handling character
AAOT is a stable crystalline solid, not classed as dangerous goods. The classification covers skin, eye and respiratory irritation. Full detail is in the Safety section below.
| Parameter | Typical value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Assay (HPLC) | 99.0% min |
| Melting point | 105–107 °C |
| Moisture | 0.5% max |
| Residual o-toluidine | Per agreed specification |
| Ash content | 0.1% max |
Important: the figures above are indicative of commercial material and are offered for planning only. The batch certificate of analysis is the governing document.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Physical state | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Molecular weight | 191.23 g/mol |
| Melting point | 105–107 °C |
| Water solubility | Slightly soluble |
| Solubility | Soluble in alkali, alcohols and acetone |
| Bulk density | ≈ 0.4–0.6 g/cm³ |
| Stability | Stable under normal storage; keep dry |
Physical constants compiled from public reference data for CAS 93-68-5 and rounded for readability. Treat the table as orientation, not as a specification.
Where US industry uses AAOT
Diarylide yellows first, then monoazo yellows, plastics and specialty coupling chemistry.
Diarylide yellow pigments
The dominant use. Coupled with 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine to build Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 17 and 83.
- 99% min assay
- Tight melting point range
- Coupling partner supplied
Printing inks
Diarylide yellows built on AAOT carry most of the yellow in US process and packaging printing inks.
- Consistent lot-to-lot assay
- Low residual toluidine
- 25 kg bag and bulk bag supply
Plastics masterbatch
Diarylide and monoazo yellows pigment polyolefin, PVC and styrenic masterbatch where cost and tinting strength matter.
- Low ash specification
- Documented impurity profile
- Retained sample held per lot
Monoazo yellow pigments
Coupled with simpler diazo components to build monoazo yellows for coatings and textile printing.
- Technical grade
- Flexible pack sizes
- Technical desk review on request
Coatings & industrial finishes
Yellow azo pigments from this route are used in industrial and decorative coatings where opacity and economy are required.
- Consistent particle size
- Bulk bag supply
- Read the dye intermediates guide
Contract & scheduled supply
Pigment plants run continuous coupling campaigns, so contracted tonnage with call-off scheduling matters on this line.
- Annual contracts with call-off
- Price held across the contract
- Second source held in reserve
Delivered to US plants and ports
We ship acetoacet-o-toluidide to nominated delivery points across the United States. The regions below are destinations we serve — Chelora Chemicals is a sourcing and supply partner, not a US manufacturer, and does not hold US stock.
Gulf Coast
The largest US chemical cluster, and the usual entry point for bulk consignments.
- Houston & Galveston, TX
- New Orleans & Baton Rouge, LA
- Mobile, AL
Northeast
Container and bulk delivery into the mid-Atlantic and New England manufacturing belt.
- Newark & Elizabeth, NJ
- Philadelphia, PA
- Boston, MA
Southeast
Port-side delivery for the Carolinas, Georgia and Florida processing plants.
- Savannah, GA
- Charleston, SC
- Jacksonville, FL & Norfolk, VA
Midwest & Great Lakes
Inland rail and truck forwarding from the nearest coastal port to the industrial Midwest.
- Chicago, IL
- Detroit, MI
- Cleveland & Columbus, OH
West Coast
Pacific routing for West Coast processors and formulators.
- Los Angeles & Long Beach, CA
- Oakland, CA
- Seattle & Tacoma, WA
Southwest & Mountain
Inland delivery to interior states, forwarded from the Gulf or Pacific gateway.
- Dallas–Fort Worth, TX
- Phoenix, AZ
- Denver, CO
Importing into the United States
Acetoacet-o-toluidide is a TSCA-regulated chemical substance. Under TSCA section 13 the importer of record, or its authorized agent, must certify to US Customs and Border Protection that each shipment either complies with TSCA or is not subject to it. We confirm the substance's TSCA Inventory status and agree in writing who files that certification before the first consignment moves.
Which party carries that duty follows the Incoterm. On FOB, CFR or CIF terms it is usually the US buyer; on DDP terms it can be the seller or its agent. Safety data sheets and labels are supplied to OSHA's updated Hazard Communication Standard, and the non-hazardous transport documentation is prepared before booking.
| Item | How it works |
|---|---|
| Delivery points | Any nominated US plant, terminal or port of discharge |
| Incoterms quoted | FOB · CFR · CIF · DDP |
| Importer of record | Agreed in writing before the first shipment |
| TSCA certification | Section 13 positive certification filed at entry |
| Documentation | Batch COA, SDS, packing list, certificate of origin |
| Pack formats | 25 kg bags or bulk bags |
Note: regional coverage describes where we deliver, not where we hold inventory. Lead time depends on producer scheduling and ocean transit to your nominated US port — we confirm both in the quotation.
How we supply acetoacet-o-toluidide
Chelora Chemicals is an acetoacet-o-toluidide supplier and sourcing partner, not a manufacturer. On a coupling component the variables that decide whether a campaign runs clean are assay, melting point range and residual toluidine — and the last one is also an EHS question, not just a quality one.
We place your order with whichever qualified producer best matches your specification, your price point and your delivery window, and confirm US import requirements before booking.
We can supply the coupling partner alongside it — 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride comes from the same desk — and we keep a second qualified source on both lines.
- Melting point range held, not just the assay. A depressed or broad range signals residual toluidine or diacetylated by-product that a 99% assay figure will not show.
- Residual o-toluidine specified before we quote. This is the impurity your QA and EHS teams will ask about, so the limit is agreed up front rather than discovered on arrival.
- Both halves of the pigment from one desk. AAOT and 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride can be scheduled together against the same coupling campaign.
- Low ash for masterbatch service. Where the pigment is bound for plastics, ash and particle size matter as much as chemical purity.
- TSCA status and import certification settled first. We confirm Inventory status and agree who files the section 13 certification before the first shipment.
- Batch traceability to the producing plant. Full chain of custody documentation on request.
Bagged or bulk bagged
25 kg bags, bulk bags or fiber drums — tell us your handling arrangement and we will quote to it.
25 kg poly-lined bags
Moisture-barrier bags on stretch-wrapped pallets, the standard unit for pigment coupling plants.
500–1,000 kg bulk bags
Liner-fitted bulk bags for continuous coupling campaigns with mechanical charging.
Fiber or steel drums
Sealed drums where extra moisture protection or extended storage is needed.
Small sealed units
Smaller sealed units for laboratory, pilot and shade-matching work.
Incoterms to suit you
Quoted on the Incoterm your purchasing team works to, with documentation filed before booking.
Trial / sample quantities
Small packs dispatched for coupling and shade trials before a commercial order.
Stable solid — mind the dust and the toluidine
Acetoacet-o-toluidide is a stable crystalline solid and is not classed as dangerous goods for transport. The classification covers skin, eye and respiratory irritation from the dust. The summary below is orientation only — the safety data sheet supplied with your specific batch is the authoritative document.
Classified hazards
H315Causes skin irritation.H319Causes serious eye irritation.H335May cause respiratory irritation.
Residual o-toluidine is the exposure question worth asking. AAOT is made from o-toluidine, which carries a substantially stricter occupational-health profile than the product itself. Where the residual level is material, your industrial hygiene program should account for it, and the batch certificate of analysis should state it. We agree the limit before the order goes out. The SDS issued with your batch governs the classification.
Storage
Store in sealed, moisture-barrier packaging in a dry, cool, well-ventilated area away from strong oxidizers, strong acids and strong bases. The material cakes if it takes up moisture. Keep off the floor and away from direct sunlight.
Handling
Handle with dust control, gloves and eye protection. Where transfer or charging generates dust, use local exhaust ventilation. Where residual o-toluidine is material, apply the controls your industrial hygiene program sets for that substance. Follow the exposure controls in the batch SDS.
Transport
Acetoacet-o-toluidide is normally not regulated as dangerous goods for road, rail, sea or air transport, so no UN number applies. We confirm and document the position for your specific shipment, packaging and destination before booking.
Every batch, documented
We verify documentation before dispatch so there are no surprises at your incoming-goods bench.
Specification agreed
Assay, melting point range, moisture, ash and residual o-toluidine limit confirmed against your requirement before order placement.
Producer batch testing
The producing plant tests each batch against the agreed specification, including the melting point range, before release.
Documentation review
COA, SDS and TSCA certification data checked by our desk, and pack moisture barrier confirmed, before the shipment is booked.
Traceable dispatch
Each shipment is traceable to its producing batch, with full chain-of-custody records on request.
How acetoacet-o-toluidide is made
Acetoacet-o-toluidide is made by acetoacetylating o-toluidine. The classic route reacts the amine with diketene; the alternative uses ethyl acetoacetate with the ethanol distilled off to drive the equilibrium. Either way the acetoacetyl group lands on the nitrogen and the product crystallizes out on cooling.
The melting point range is the control point. Clean AAOT melts at 105 to 107 °C. Residual o-toluidine depresses it; diacetylated by-product broadens it. Both are consequences of running the acetoacetylation too hot or with the wrong ratio, and both will show up later as shade drift in the pigment rather than as an assay failure on the certificate.
Downstream, AAOT is the coupling half of the azo reaction. The diazo half for diarylide yellow comes from 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride, tetrazotized and then coupled onto two molecules of AAOT. That bis-coupling is what makes the pigment a diarylide, and it is what gives Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 17 and 83 their tinting strength.
We do not publish operating process parameters here; this is background only. Full technical documentation accompanies every shipment, and any process-specific detail you need is best confirmed directly with our technical desk.
| Chemical family | Acetoacetamide (cyclic amide derivative) |
|---|---|
| Made from | o-Toluidine + diketene or ethyl acetoacetate |
| Role in pigment | Coupling component, not a colorant |
| Purity check | Melting point range 105–107 °C |
| Coupling partner | 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride |
| Downstream | Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 17, 83 |
The rest of the dye & pigment range
Other intermediates, amines and coupling components supplied from the same desk.
Acetoacet-o-toluidide, answered
What is acetoacet-o-toluidide used for?
Is AAOT the same as o-acetoacetanilide?
Why does the melting point range matter so much?
What is the residual o-toluidine limit?
Can you supply the coupling partner as well?
What makes a pigment a diarylide rather than a monoazo?
Is acetoacet-o-toluidide hazardous?
What packing do you offer?
Do you supply acetoacet-o-toluidide in the United States?
Do you manufacture this yourself?
Get a quote on acetoacet-o-toluidide
Send us your required assay, melting point range, residual o-toluidine limit, pack size and US delivery point. We will come back with a firm quote, lead time and full documentation — and can schedule the coupling partner alongside it.