Copper Sulfate Monohydrate CuSO₄·H₂O · CAS 10257-54-2
Four waters lighter than the blue crystal everyone knows. That is 40% more copper per tonne shipped, stored and blended — which is why feed and fertilizer operations buy this one.
Chelora Chemicals is a copper sulfate monohydrate supplier and sourcing partner serving feed mineral producers and fertilizer blenders across the United States, with a batch COA, SDS and UN 3077 documentation on every consignment.
- CAS Number
- 10257-54-2
- EC Number
- 600-326-9
- Chemical name
- Copper(II) sulfate monohydrate
- Molecular formula
- CuSO₄·H₂O
- Molecular weight
- 177.62 g/mol
- Copper as Cu (theoretical)
- 35.8%
- Versus pentahydrate
- 35.8% vs 25.45% Cu
- Transport
- UN 3077 · Class 9 · PG III
- HS Code
- 2833 25
Note: check which hydrate you are quoting against. The monohydrate is CAS 10257-54-2, 177.62 g/mol, 35.8% copper. The pentahydrate is CAS 7758-99-8, 249.69 g/mol, 25.45% copper. A price per tonne means something quite different between the two — on a copper basis the monohydrate carries about 40% more per tonne. Separately, EPA’s copper reregistration documentation lists a "copper sulfate monohydrate" entry at CAS 1332-14-5 as cancelled, so do not assume a US pesticide route for this material.
Four waters lighter
The same copper sulfate, dried down. What changes is how much of each tonne is copper rather than water.
Why it matters: a tonne of pentahydrate is 56% water and sulfate by weight — in a premix or a fertilizer blend, you are paying freight and handling on all of it
Why the monohydrate exists
Copper sulfate monohydrate is CuSO₄·H₂O at 35.8% copper — the same compound as the familiar blue pentahydrate with four of its five waters removed. The pentahydrate carries 25.45% copper, so on a copper basis the monohydrate delivers roughly 40% more per tonne.
That arithmetic is the whole argument, and it matters most where material is shipped far, stored in volume and blended by weight: feed premixes and fertilizer. Less tonnage moves, less warehouse space is used, and fewer bags are handled for the same copper. The monohydrate is also less prone to caking than the pentahydrate, which holds five waters of crystallization and both effloresces in dry air and cakes in damp air.
Where the monohydrate wins
- Feed premixes. More copper per tonne blended, and better flow than the pentahydrate.
- Fertilizer blends. Same argument — copper density and handling, over long freight distances.
- Anywhere freight or storage is a real cost. You are not paying to move four waters of crystallization.
- The pentahydrate, where solubility and tradition rule: sugar fine crystals.
Handling character
Copper sulfate causes serious eye damage and is a Class 9 dangerous good. Full detail is in the Safety section below.
| Parameter | Typical value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Pale blue to greenish-white powder |
| Copper as Cu | Per agreed specification |
| Theoretical Cu for pure CuSO₄·H₂O | 35.8% |
| Free water | Per agreed specification |
| Heavy metals | Cd, As, Pb, Hg per agreed limits |
| Particle size | Per agreed sieve specification |
Important: the figures above are indicative of commercial material and are offered for planning only. The batch certificate of analysis is the governing document.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Physical state | Pale blue to greenish-white solid |
| Molecular weight | 177.62 g/mol |
| Copper as Cu, theoretical | 35.8% |
| Water of hydration | One |
| Water solubility | Soluble |
| Caking | Less prone than the pentahydrate |
| Versus pentahydrate | ≈ 40% more copper per tonne |
Physical constants compiled from public reference data for CAS 10257-54-2 and rounded for readability. Commercial material sits below the theoretical copper figure. Treat the table as orientation, not as a specification.
Where US industry uses the monohydrate
Feed premixes, fertilizer blends and anywhere copper density pays.
Feed trace minerals
A copper source for feed premixes, where more copper per tonne blended and better flow than the pentahydrate both count.
- Feed-grade heavy metal limits
- Free-flow specified
- Consistent assay lot to lot
Fertilizer blends & micronutrients
A copper micronutrient in blended fertilizer, where freight and handling over distance favor the denser hydrate.
- Particle size to the blender
- Bulk bag supply
- Documented traceability
Copper density & freight
At 35.8% copper against 25.45%, roughly 40% more copper ships per tonne — a real saving on long-haul and high-volume lines.
- Lower freight per kg copper
- Bulk and bagged supply
- Compare TBCC at 59.5%
Storage & handling
Less prone to caking than the pentahydrate, which effloresces in dry air and cakes in damp air.
- Moisture-barrier packaging
- Flow properties specified
- Second source held in reserve
Industrial & chemical use
Used where a concentrated solid copper sulfate is wanted for making up solutions or feeding a process.
- Low insolubles on request
- Bulk supply available
- End use confirmed before quoting
Import & compliance coordination
Feed, fertilizer and industrial uses take the ordinary import route. Note the cancelled pesticide entry before assuming otherwise.
- End use confirmed before quoting
- UN 3077 documentation prepared
- Broker coordination on request
Delivered to US plants and ports
We ship copper sulfate monohydrate to nominated delivery points across the United States. The regions below are destinations we serve — Chelora Chemicals is a sourcing and supply partner, not a US manufacturer, and does not hold US stock.
Gulf Coast
The largest US chemical cluster, and the usual entry point for bulk consignments.
- Houston & Galveston, TX
- New Orleans & Baton Rouge, LA
- Mobile, AL
Northeast
Container and bulk delivery into the mid-Atlantic and New England manufacturing belt.
- Newark & Elizabeth, NJ
- Philadelphia, PA
- Boston, MA
Southeast
Port-side delivery for the Carolinas, Georgia and Florida processing plants.
- Savannah, GA
- Charleston, SC
- Jacksonville, FL & Norfolk, VA
Midwest & Great Lakes
Inland rail and truck forwarding from the nearest coastal port to the industrial Midwest.
- Chicago, IL
- Detroit, MI
- Cleveland & Columbus, OH
West Coast
Pacific routing for West Coast processors and formulators.
- Los Angeles & Long Beach, CA
- Oakland, CA
- Seattle & Tacoma, WA
Southwest & Mountain
Inland delivery to interior states, forwarded from the Gulf or Pacific gateway.
- Dallas–Fort Worth, TX
- Phoenix, AZ
- Denver, CO
Importing into the United States
Copper sulfate monohydrate is a TSCA-regulated chemical substance. Under TSCA section 13 the importer of record, or its authorized agent, must certify to US Customs and Border Protection that each shipment either complies with TSCA or is not subject to it. We confirm the substance's TSCA Inventory status and agree in writing who files that certification before the first consignment moves.
Which party carries that duty follows the Incoterm. On FOB, CFR or CIF terms it is usually the US buyer; on DDP terms it can be the seller or its agent. Safety data sheets and labels are supplied to OSHA's updated Hazard Communication Standard, and the UN 3077 Class 9 transport documentation is prepared before booking.
| Item | How it works |
|---|---|
| Delivery points | Any nominated US plant, terminal or port of discharge |
| Incoterms quoted | FOB · CFR · CIF · DDP |
| Importer of record | Agreed in writing before the first shipment |
| TSCA certification | Section 13 positive certification filed at entry |
| Documentation | Batch COA, SDS, packing list, certificate of origin |
| Pack formats | 25 kg bags or bulk bags |
Note: regional coverage describes where we deliver, not where we hold inventory. Lead time depends on producer scheduling and ocean transit to your nominated US port — we confirm both in the quotation.
How we supply copper sulfate monohydrate
Chelora Chemicals is a copper sulfate supplier and sourcing partner, not a manufacturer. The useful thing we do on this line is make sure you are comparing like with like — a price per tonne of monohydrate and a price per tonne of pentahydrate are not comparable until you convert both to copper.
We place your order with whichever qualified producer best matches your assay, heavy metal limits and your delivery window, and confirm US import requirements before booking.
We will also tell you when a different copper source is better. For a feed premix, TBCC at 59.5% copper beats this on density and on vitamin stability, and we would rather say so than sell you the wrong one.
- Quotes converted to a copper basis before comparison. 35.8% versus 25.45% means a tonne of each is not the same purchase, and that is the single commonest error on this line.
- Hydration state and CAS on the order. Monohydrate 10257-54-2 at 177.62 g/mol; pentahydrate 7758-99-8 at 249.69.
- Feed-grade heavy metal limits agreed where applicable. For premix use these bind harder than the copper assay.
- US pesticide position flagged. EPA records list a copper sulfate monohydrate entry as cancelled, so we do not offer this for pesticidal use here.
- We will point you to TBCC where it suits better. For feed, 59.5% copper and better vitamin stability is a stronger offer than this.
- UN 3077 documentation prepared before booking. Class 9 on aquatic toxicity grounds; the paperwork is not optional.
Bagged or bulk bagged
25 kg bags, bulk bags or bulk — moisture-barrier, because copper sulfate cakes in damp air.
25 kg poly-lined bags
Moisture-barrier bags on stretch-wrapped pallets, UN-marked, the standard commercial unit.
500–1,000 kg bulk bags
Liner-fitted bulk bags for premix and fertilizer blending lines.
Bulk delivery
Bulk shipment for high-volume blending operations with mechanical handling.
Fiber or plastic drums
Sealed drums where extended storage or extra moisture protection is needed.
Incoterms to suit you
Quoted on the Incoterm your purchasing team works to, with dangerous goods documentation filed before booking.
Trial / sample quantities
Small packs dispatched for flow, blending and assay trials before a commercial order.
Serious eye damage and a Class 9 good
Copper sulfate is harmful by ingestion and causes serious eye damage, and it is very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects — which is what makes it a Class 9 dangerous good. The summary below is orientation only — the safety data sheet supplied with your specific batch is the authoritative document.
Classified hazards
H302Harmful if swallowed.H315Causes skin irritation.H318Causes serious eye damage.H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
End use decides the import route. These copper compounds have industrial, catalytic, feed and in some cases pesticidal applications, and they do not all follow the same path into the United States. Where material is destined for a pesticidal use, the import is a pesticide import: it requires a Notice of Arrival, EPA Form 3540-1, filed with Customs, and any product sold or applied here must itself be EPA-registered under FIFRA, with that registration held by the registrant and never by a raw material supplier. For catalyst, electronics, metallurgical or other industrial use a different route applies, and feed use is a separate regulatory question again. Tell us the end use before we quote.
Storage
Store in sealed, moisture-barrier packaging in a cool, dry, covered area away from food, seed and feedstuffs. The monohydrate is less prone to caking than the pentahydrate, but copper sulfate still takes up moisture from damp air and sets. Bunded or contained storage is advised because of the aquatic hazard.
Handling
Handle with dust control, impervious gloves and tight-fitting eye protection; copper sulfate causes serious eye damage and is harmful if swallowed. Prevent any release to drains, watercourses or soil. Follow the exposure controls set out in the batch SDS.
Transport
This material is classified as dangerous goods for transport on the basis of aquatic toxicity, normally shipped as UN 3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s., Class 9, Packing Group III. Marked and labeled packaging, a dangerous goods declaration and compliant documentation are required. We confirm and document the classification for your specific grade, packaging and destination before booking.
Every batch, documented
We verify documentation before dispatch so there are no surprises at your incoming-goods bench.
Specification agreed
Copper assay, hydration or oxidation state, particle size, impurity limits and end use confirmed before order placement.
Producer batch testing
The producing plant tests each batch against the agreed specification before release.
Documentation review
COA, SDS, import position and UN 3077 paperwork checked by our desk before booking.
Traceable dispatch
Each shipment is traceable to its producing batch, with full chain-of-custody records on request.
The arithmetic that decides the purchase
Copper sulfate monohydrate is made by drying the pentahydrate, driving off four of its five waters of crystallization. Same compound, same copper, less water carried along with it.
The consequence is a different number on the certificate and a different economics. Copper sulfate pentahydrate is 25.45% copper; the monohydrate is 35.8%. That is about 40% more copper per tonne — and in a feed premix or a fertilizer blend, where material is shipped a long way, stored in volume and dosed by weight, you are otherwise paying freight, warehousing and handling on water.
The comparison worth running goes one step further. For a feed premix, tribasic copper chloride carries 59.5% copper and is more stable in a premix besides, causing less oxidative loss of vitamins. On copper density the ladder runs TBCC, then this monohydrate, then the pentahydrate — and the right answer depends on what else your formulation needs from the copper.
We do not publish operating process parameters here; this is background only. Full technical documentation accompanies every shipment, and any process-specific detail you need is best confirmed directly with our technical desk.
| Chemical family | Copper(II) sulfate monohydrate |
|---|---|
| Made from | Pentahydrate, dried |
| Copper content | 35.8% theoretical |
| Versus pentahydrate | ≈ 40% more copper per tonne |
| Main markets | Feed premixes and fertilizer blends |
| Denser alternative | TBCC at 59.5% copper |
The copper sulfate range and other copper sources
The other copper sulfate grades and the alternative copper sources supplied from the same desk.
Copper sulfate monohydrate, answered
How does the monohydrate differ from the pentahydrate?
Why does that matter commercially?
Is it less prone to caking?
Can I use it as a fungicide or algaecide in the United States?
Is it a good feed copper source?
What copper content should I expect?
Which CAS number is correct?
Is copper sulfate hazardous?
Do you supply copper sulfate monohydrate in the United States?
Do you manufacture this yourself?
Get a quote on copper sulfate monohydrate
Send us your copper assay, heavy metal limits, particle size, pack size and US delivery point. If you are comparing this against a pentahydrate quote, send us both and we will convert them to a copper basis for you.